Taking multiple photos with different lighting/effects on a Nikon D3100?

I'm in a photography class in high school, and I constantly see advanced photo students taking duplicate photos with different filters within the camera.

I use a Nikon D3100, and I understand the parts of the camera and use manual mode, but don't necessarily understand every single feature it holds.

I want to know if there's a way I can take two identical photos, black and white and color, at once, within the camera.

I searched through the features in my camera camera, and tried checking out my manual about this, but I just don't know how to properly word it, or where to find it.

Any advice?

You must not have looked very hard in your manual. I have no doubt the camera can be set for b/w and I'm certain many other "features".

However, that has nothing to do with photography. Simply placing the camera into some kind of "effect" requires no skill or understanding of actual photography. Do you understand that? You are just a button pusher.

If you want different looks on a particular scene, then you need to use learned photographic / camera skills to produce them. Things such as varying the aperture to create various depth of field looks. Varying the shutter speed to freeze motion or to depict movement. Adjusting the shutter speed or aperture to both underexpose and overexpose a scene. Using the flash as a fill light source in shade conditions. Adjusting the white balance to create different looks, both correct and incorrect, for certain ambient light conditions.

Those are the kinds of things that a photography class is supposed to be teaching you. Putting the camera in some, frankly silly, scene mode or effect or using some kind of internal filters demonstrates NO skill what so ever on your part. A monkey could do the same thing. Just because your friends are clueless and take photos with such "filters" does not mean they are some kind of skilled photographers that you should emulate.

Learn what photography actually is, which is NOT just selecting various menu effects and filters on a camera. Such nonsense never even existed until the advent of the digital camera and millions of people with no skill or knowledge, thus the camera manufacturers try to do all the work for them, but it is a sorry band aid to actual knowledge and skill.

You can use Auto Exposure Bracketing for taking several shots in sequence varying in exposure - is that what you mean? Similarly, there's (I think) Auto WB bracketing for shooting a sequence at different colour temps.

I'm not aware of any bracketing setup that will give you B&W or any other 'filters'. Why not ask the 'advanced' students what settings they are using (even assuming it is available on yor camera).