Best astrophotography cameras in 600$ price range?

Cameras that can capture the full beauty of the Mikly Way

For a telescope camera, you could get a Celestron Skyris 274 CCD.
A 1600X1200 wide field camera.
A good stand alone camera might be a Nikon D90, with suitable tripod, filters, and lens.
These are about top of the line for your price limits.
Either will give great shots of the night sky, and the more familiar you are with astrophotography, the better the outcome.
My former setup was a Nikon D70, an adapter with wide field on a C8 telescope. Images were stacked using deep sky stacker to eliminate noise, and IR cut or none. DSLR needs delay and timed captures, to kill vibration and resolve faint objects. I have had a few shots of Andromeda and the Milky Way turn out very good. Not pro, but good. (takes a lot of practice and many shots to get it right.)